Earthquakes Risk in Hawaii — Level 3 of 5

Hawaii faces a moderate (level 3 of 5) earthquake risk, with thousands of quakes each year, many linked to volcanic activity. The greatest hazard is on the Big Island, but all islands can feel strong shaking. Homeowners should understand the damage potential and take steps to prepare for a seismic event.

Earthquake Activity in Hawaii

Hawaii is seismically active due to the Hawaiian hot spot and active volcanoes such as Kilauea and Mauna Loa. Earthquakes occur frequently, with the USGS recording thousands of small tremors annually. Most are too small to feel, but moderate to large earthquakes do happen. The 2006 Kiholo Bay earthquake (magnitude 6.7) caused widespread damage on the Big Island, and the 1975 Kalapana earthquake (magnitude 7.7) generated a local tsunami.

Earthquake risk varies across the islands. The Big Island (Hawaii Island) is most exposed because of active rift zones and volcanic eruptions. Maui and other islands also experience seismic swarms, often related to volcanic processes. There is no fixed “earthquake season”—shaking can occur at any time, but volcanic eruptions may increase earthquake frequency and intensity.

Hawaii’s hazard is rated level 3 (moderate) by FEMA’s National Risk Index. That means there is a measurable risk of damaging shaking over a 50-year period. While not as high as California or Alaska, it is significant enough for homeowners to take action.

How It Affects Homes

Ground shaking can damage foundations, crack walls, and topple chimneys. In Hawaii, many homes are built on lava rock or sloping terrain, which can amplify shaking. Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings—common in older neighborhoods—are especially vulnerable. Volcanic activity can also cause ground deformation and cracks, leading to structural stress.

Standard homeowners insurance policies in Hawaii do not cover earthquake damage. Homeowners must purchase a separate earthquake endorsement or policy. This is often overlooked because wind and hurricane coverage receive more attention in Hawaii. Without earthquake insurance, you would bear the full cost of repairs, which can be financially catastrophic.

Even if your home survives an earthquake, related hazards like toppled water heaters, broken gas lines, and landslides from shaking can cause additional damage. Take time to understand your policy and discuss earthquake coverage with your insurer.

How to Prepare Your Home

Secure water heaters: Strap your water heater to wall studs to prevent tipping, which can cause fires or gas leaks.
Bolt the house to the foundation: If your home has a raised foundation, use anchor bolts or metal plates to connect the framing to the foundation.
Reinforce cripple walls: For homes with crawl spaces, bracing the short wood studs (cripple walls) with plywood can prevent collapse.
Check masonry and chimneys: Repair loose bricks or blocks and brace chimneys with metal straps and secure them to the roof structure.
Secure heavy furniture: Anchor bookshelves, cabinets, televisions, and appliances to wall studs to prevent them from toppling.
Install automatic gas shut-off valves: In Hawaii, many homes use propane. An automatic valve will stop gas flow if shaking is detected, reducing fire risk.
Store breakable items safely: Place glassware and valuables in low, closed cabinets with latches designed for earthquakes.
Know your home’s vulnerabilities: If you live in an older home or one built on a steep slope, consider a professional seismic assessment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a big earthquake in Hawaii cause a tsunami?

Yes. Large offshore earthquakes on the Big Island or along the Hawaiian Trench can displace the ocean floor and generate local tsunamis. The 1975 Kalapana earthquake produced a tsunami with waves up to 14 meters (46 feet). If you feel strong shaking, move immediately to higher ground—do not wait for an official alert.

Does homeowners insurance cover earthquake damage in Hawaii?

No, standard homeowners policies exclude earthquake damage in Hawaii. You need to buy separate earthquake insurance, usually as an endorsement to your current policy. This coverage can pay for repairs to your home, personal property, and additional living expenses if you cannot stay in your home.

What is the most earthquake-prone area in Hawaii?

The Big Island (Hawaii Island) is the most earthquake-prone, especially the southern and eastern rift zones of Kilauea and Mauna Loa. The area near Kilauea’s summit experiences frequent earthquakes from magma movement. Other islands have lower risk, but strong shaking can still affect them.

Official Resources

Last updated: August 11, 2026. Risk levels are state-wide estimates based on public hazard data — always verify your specific address with the official sources above.