Drought risk in Nebraska

Drought in Nebraska: Geography, Seasons, and Exposure

Nebraska is no stranger to drought. The state’s location in the Great Plains means it experiences periodic dry spells, and according to FEMA’s National Risk Index, Nebraska is rated at level 4 out of 5 for drought risk. That rating reflects how often drought occurs, how long it can last, and the potential impacts on people, property, and the economy. Drought is a slow-onset hazard, often developing over months or years, but it can have lasting effects on water supplies, agriculture, and homes.

Precipitation in Nebraska varies dramatically from west to east. The western Panhandle and southwest corner are semi-arid, receiving less than 20 inches of precipitation in a typical year, while the eastern part of the state is more humid. This west-to-east gradient means that drought conditions often start in the west and expand eastward during prolonged dry periods. The most drought-prone areas include the Panhandle, the Sandhills, and the southwest. However, severe drought can affect any part of the state, including cities like Omaha and Lincoln.

Drought can occur in any season, but it is most common during the summer months when high temperatures and low humidity increase evaporation. A lack of snowpack in the winter can also set the stage for spring and summer drought, as snowmelt recharges soil moisture and reservoirs. The US Drought Monitor provides weekly updates on drought conditions across Nebraska, and Drought.gov offers state-specific forecasts and impact reports. Preparedness is essential for homeowners.

How it affects homes

Drought affects homes in several ways. One of the most common and costly impacts is foundation damage. As soil dries out, it shrinks and pulls away from the foundation. This can cause cracks in walls, uneven floors, and sticking doors or windows. In Nebraska, where many homes sit on expansive clay soils, this risk is particularly high. Foundation repair can cost thousands of dollars.

Other impacts include:

• Water supply issues: Homes on private wells may experience reduced water levels or dry wells. Municipal supplies may also face restrictions.
• Landscaping and lawn damage: Lawns, trees, and shrubs may die, leading to costly replacement and erosion.
• Increased wildfire risk: Dry vegetation near homes becomes highly flammable. Wildfires can destroy homes, and drought can limit water for firefighting.
• Plumbing and pipe problems: Shifting soil can crack underground pipes, causing leaks and water waste. It can also damage sewer lines.

From an insurance perspective, standard homeowners policies typically do not cover drought-related damage such as foundation cracking from soil shrinkage. This is often considered gradual or earth movement, which is excluded. However, if drought leads to a wildfire that damages your home, fire coverage may apply. Some insurers offer endorsements for foundation repair, but availability varies. Review your policy and talk to your agent about your risk.

How to prepare your home

Preparing for drought is about conserving water, protecting your foundation, and reducing wildfire risk. The following steps can help you safeguard your home and property:

1. Conserve water indoors: Fix leaks promptly, install WaterSense labeled fixtures and appliances, and take shorter showers.
2. Use water-wise landscaping: Replace thirsty turf with drought-tolerant native plants, use mulch to retain soil moisture, and group plants with similar water needs together.
3. Maintain consistent soil moisture around your foundation: During dry spells, use a soaker hose or drip irrigation around the perimeter of your home to keep soil from shrinking excessively.
4. Inspect your foundation regularly: Check for new cracks in walls, floors, and foundation. Repair any minor cracks promptly and keep a record of changes.
5. Improve drainage and capture rainwater: Ensure gutters and downspouts direct water away from the foundation. Consider installing rain barrels or a cistern to collect roof runoff for landscape irrigation.
6. Protect your well: If you rely on a private well, monitor water levels and consider a backup water supply or a deeper well.
7. Create a wildfire defensible space: Clear dry vegetation, leaves, and debris from around your home. Keep grass short and maintain a non-flammable zone of at least 30 feet around structures.
8. Stay informed and follow restrictions: Monitor drought conditions through the US Drought Monitor and follow any water-use restrictions issued by your local utility.
9. Store emergency water: Keep a supply of bottled water for drinking and sanitation. Ready.gov recommends one gallon per person per day.
10. Review your insurance coverage: Understand what is and isn’t covered. Document your home’s condition with photos and keep receipts for any mitigation improvements.

Frequently asked questions

Does homeowners insurance cover drought damage in Nebraska?

Generally, no. Standard homeowners insurance policies typically exclude damage caused by drought, soil shrinkage, and earth movement. This means foundation cracks or settling that result from dry conditions are usually not covered. However, if drought leads to a wildfire that damages your home, fire coverage may apply.

How can I protect my foundation during a drought?

The key is to maintain consistent soil moisture around your foundation. During dry periods, use a soaker hose or drip irrigation to water the soil within a few feet of your home. Fix any drainage issues so water doesn’t pool near the foundation, and inspect for cracks regularly. If you see signs of movement, contact a qualified foundation specialist.

What are the best water-saving practices for Nebraska homes?

Start with indoor fixes: install WaterSense-labeled fixtures, fix leaks, and run full loads in dishwashers and washing machines. Outdoors, water early in the morning or late in the evening to reduce evaporation, use drip irrigation instead of sprinklers, and landscape with native, drought-tolerant plants. Collecting rainwater in rain barrels is also an option, but check local regulations.

Official resources

• Nebraska Emergency Management Agency – State emergency management, drought preparedness, and response information.
• US Drought Monitor – Weekly maps and data on drought conditions across Nebraska and the nation.
• Drought.gov – Federal drought resources, forecasts, and impact reports for Nebraska.
• EPA WaterSense – Water-efficient products, tips, and rebate information to help you save water at home.