Hurricanes risk in New Jersey

Hurricane and tropical storm risk in New Jersey

New Jersey is located along the Atlantic coast, making it vulnerable to hurricanes, tropical storms, and their remnants. The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1 to November 30, with peak activity typically from mid-August through late October. While New Jersey is not hit as frequently as Gulf Coast states, it can experience significant impacts when storms track up the East Coast. The state's long coastline, barrier islands, and low-lying coastal communities are most exposed to storm surge and flooding. Inland areas are also at risk from heavy rainfall, inland flooding, and high winds.

According to the New Jersey Office of Emergency Management, the state's coastal counties—including Monmouth, Ocean, Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland, and Salem—face the greatest threat from coastal flooding and storm surge. However, hurricanes and tropical storms can affect the entire state, causing widespread power outages, downed trees, and property damage. The National Risk Index rates New Jersey's hurricane risk as relatively moderate compared to other states, but even a moderate storm can have severe local impacts, as seen with Hurricane Sandy in 2012 and Hurricane Irene in 2011.

Storm surge is often the most dangerous aspect of a hurricane for New Jersey. The shape of the coastline, with inlets, bays, and rivers, can funnel water into communities. The Delaware Bay and Raritan Bay are particularly susceptible to storm surge. Additionally, heavy rainfall from these storms can cause rivers and streams to overflow, leading to inland flooding. The combination of surge and rainfall can be devastating for homes and infrastructure.

How it affects homes

Hurricanes and tropical storms can damage homes in several ways. High winds can tear off roofs, break windows, and send debris flying. Falling trees and branches can crush roofs and walls, and downed power lines can cause fires and outages. Storm surge—the abnormal rise of water generated by a storm—can flood coastal homes, causing structural damage, destroying contents, and eroding foundations. Inland flooding from heavy rain can also inundate basements and lower levels, even in areas far from the coast.

For homeowners, insurance considerations are critical. Standard homeowners insurance policies typically cover wind damage, but they usually do not cover flood damage. Flood insurance must be purchased separately, either through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) or a private insurer. In coastal areas of New Jersey, many insurers apply a separate hurricane deductible, which is often a percentage of the home's insured value (for example, 1% to 5%). This means homeowners may face significant out-of-pocket costs before insurance kicks in. It's important to review your policy and understand what is covered and what deductibles apply.

After a major storm, federal assistance may be available if the president declares a disaster. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) can provide grants for temporary housing and home repairs, and the Small Business Administration (SBA) can offer low-interest loans to homeowners. However, these programs are not a substitute for insurance and may take time to process. Homeowners should document their property before a storm and keep important documents in a safe place.

How to prepare your home

Taking steps before a storm can reduce damage and keep your family safe. The New Jersey Office of Emergency Management and FEMA recommend the following actions:

• Know your evacuation zone. New Jersey has designated evacuation zones along the coast. Find out if you live in one and plan your route.
• Secure your roof. Install hurricane straps or clips, and ensure shingles are properly attached. Consider a professional inspection.
• Protect windows and doors. Install storm shutters or impact-resistant glass. You can also use plywood panels as a temporary measure.
• Clear gutters and drains. Remove debris so water can flow away from your home.
• Trim trees and shrubs. Remove dead branches and limbs that could become projectiles.
• Elevate utilities. If you live in a flood-prone area, consider elevating electrical panels, HVAC systems, and water heaters.
• Install a sump pump and backflow valve. These can help prevent basement flooding and sewage backup.
• Consider flood insurance. Don't wait until a storm is approaching; there is typically a 30-day waiting period for new policies.
• Build an emergency kit. Include water, non-perishable food, medications, flashlights, batteries, and a battery-powered radio.
• Make a family communication plan. Decide how you will contact each other and where you will meet if separated.
• Stay informed. Monitor forecasts from the National Hurricane Center and local emergency management officials.

For more detailed guidance, visit Ready.gov and the New Jersey Office of Emergency Management website.

Frequently asked questions

Is New Jersey at risk for hurricanes?

Yes. While New Jersey is not in the tropics, it lies along the path of many hurricanes and tropical storms that move up the East Coast. The state's coastal location makes it vulnerable to storm surge, flooding, and high winds. The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1 to November 30, and storms can affect New Jersey during that period, with the highest risk from August through October.

Does homeowners insurance cover hurricane damage in New Jersey?

It depends on the type of damage. Wind damage from a hurricane is typically covered by standard homeowners insurance, but flood damage—including storm surge—is generally not covered. You need a separate flood insurance policy, available through the NFIP or private insurers. Also, many policies in New Jersey have a separate hurricane deductible, which is a percentage of your home's insured value. Review your policy carefully and consider flood insurance even if you are not in a high-risk flood zone.

What should I do if a hurricane is forecast to hit New Jersey?

First, stay informed by monitoring updates from the National Hurricane Center and the New Jersey Office of Emergency Management. If you are in an evacuation zone, follow evacuation orders immediately. Otherwise, secure your home by bringing in outdoor items, closing storm shutters, and turning off utilities if instructed. Have your emergency kit ready and charge your devices. Be prepared for power outages and flooding. If you have time, move valuables to higher floors and avoid driving through floodwaters.

Official resources

• New Jersey Office of Emergency Management
• NOAA National Hurricane Center
• Ready.gov – Hurricanes
• FEMA Hurricane Preparedness