Drought risk in Wisconsin

Drought Characteristics in Wisconsin

Wisconsin's climate is generally humid continental, with precipitation spread throughout the year. However, drought is still a natural hazard that can occur, though it is less frequent and severe than in the arid West. The state is rated level 2 out of 5 for drought risk by the National Risk Index, indicating a relatively low risk compared to other states. Droughts in Wisconsin are often driven by prolonged periods of below-normal rainfall, especially during the growing season. They can develop quickly (flash drought) or gradually over months.

All regions of Wisconsin can experience drought, but the southern and central parts of the state—where agriculture is more intensive—are often most impacted. The northern counties, with their forests and lakes, may also be affected, leading to low water levels and increased wildfire risk. Drought conditions can vary widely across the state; it's not uncommon for one area to be dry while another is wet. The US Drought Monitor provides weekly updates on drought conditions across Wisconsin. You can check the current status at droughtmonitor.unl.edu.

Wisconsin's drought season can peak in summer, but dry spells can occur in any season. Winter droughts can lead to low snowpack, affecting spring water supplies. The Wisconsin Emergency Management agency works with local partners to monitor drought and provide guidance. Learn more at wem.wi.gov.

How It Affects Homes

Drought can affect homes in several ways, even in a state with moderate risk. Prolonged dry conditions cause soil to shrink, which can lead to foundation settlement and cracks. This is particularly common in areas with clay-rich soils, which expand when wet and contract when dry. Such movement can damage foundations, driveways, sidewalks, and basement walls. Drought can also cause wells to run dry, especially shallow wells, affecting household water supply. Landscaping and lawns may suffer, leading to costly replacement. Additionally, dry vegetation increases wildfire risk, which can threaten homes, particularly in rural and wildland-urban interface areas.

From an insurance perspective, most homeowners policies do not cover damage caused by drought, such as foundation cracks from soil shrinkage, because it is considered a gradual process and a maintenance issue. However, if a wildfire—fueled by drought conditions—damages your home, fire damage is typically covered. It's important to review your policy and speak with your insurance agent about what is and isn't covered. Some insurers may offer endorsements for specific perils. Drought itself is not a covered peril under standard policies, but resulting fire damage often is.

How to Prepare Your Home

Preparing for drought involves conserving water, protecting your foundation, and reducing wildfire risk. Here are concrete steps you can take:

• Conserve water indoors: Install WaterSense-labeled fixtures and appliances, fix leaks promptly, and consider a rain barrel for outdoor watering. The EPA's WaterSense program offers tips at epa.gov/watersense.
• Landscape wisely: Use drought-tolerant native plants, group plants by water needs, and apply mulch to retain soil moisture. Reduce lawn area or let it go dormant during dry periods.
• Protect your foundation: Maintain consistent soil moisture around your foundation by watering during extended dry spells (if water restrictions allow). Ensure proper drainage away from the foundation to prevent future problems.
• Check your well: If you rely on a private well, test it regularly and consider deepening it if it's prone to running dry. Have a backup water supply plan.
• Reduce wildfire risk: Create defensible space by clearing dry vegetation and debris from around your home, especially within 30 feet. Use fire-resistant materials for roofing and siding if possible.
• Monitor drought conditions: Follow local drought updates from the US Drought Monitor and Drought.gov to stay informed. Drought.gov provides resources and tools at drought.gov.
• Have a water plan: Store emergency water and know how to access community water sources if your well runs dry.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Wisconsin have a drought problem?

Yes, while Wisconsin's drought risk is rated relatively low (level 2 of 5), droughts do occur. They are typically shorter and less severe than in western states, but can still impact water supplies, agriculture, and homes. Every part of the state can experience drought, though southern and central areas may be more affected due to agricultural demand. The US Drought Monitor tracks conditions weekly.

How can drought damage my home?

Drought can cause soil to shrink, leading to foundation cracks, settlement, and damage to driveways and sidewalks. It can also dry up wells, kill landscaping, and increase wildfire risk. These effects can be costly to repair. Maintaining consistent soil moisture and using drought-tolerant landscaping can help mitigate damage.

Is drought damage covered by homeowners insurance?

Generally, no. Standard homeowners insurance policies do not cover damage from drought, such as foundation cracks caused by soil shrinkage, because it is considered a gradual process. However, if a drought-related wildfire damages your home, fire damage is typically covered. Check with your insurer about your specific policy and consider additional coverage if you live in a high-risk area.

Official Resources

• Wisconsin Emergency Management – State agency for emergency preparedness and response.
• US Drought Monitor – Weekly maps and data on drought conditions.
• Drought.gov – Federal resources and tools for drought planning.
• EPA WaterSense – Water conservation tips and products.