Earthquakes risk in Illinois

Earthquake Risk in Illinois: What You Need to Know

Illinois is not typically associated with earthquakes, but the state does face a real, if moderate, seismic threat. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program classifies the state’s overall earthquake risk as level 2 out of 5, meaning a low to moderate chance of experiencing damaging shaking. The primary areas of concern are the southern and southeastern regions of Illinois, where two major fault systems reside: the New Madrid Seismic Zone and the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone.

The New Madrid Seismic Zone stretches from Missouri into southern Illinois, near the cities of Cairo and Metropolis. This zone is capable of producing very large earthquakes—like the famous 1811–1812 sequence—though such events are extremely infrequent. The Wabash Valley Seismic Zone, located in southeastern Illinois near the Indiana border, also has a history of moderate quakes. Overall, the probability of a damaging earthquake in any given year is low, but the consequences could be significant, which is why home and business owners in the region should take the risk seriously.

Unlike the West Coast, Illinois does not have a distinct earthquake "season." Quakes can strike at any time of year, with no warning. The shaking from an earthquake initiates underground and radiates outward, so it can affect areas far from the epicenter. Older homes, especially those with brick or stone foundations, are more vulnerable, as are buildings constructed before modern seismic codes were implemented.

How It Affects Homes

Even a moderate earthquake can cause noticeable damage to a home. The shaking can crack drywall and plaster, break windows, topple chimneys, and shift foundations. Unsecured furniture, appliances, and heavy objects become hazards as they slide or fall. In more severe events, structural elements like load-bearing walls and support beams may fail, especially in older or unreinforced masonry homes.

Critically, standard homeowners insurance policies in Illinois do not cover earthquake damage. To be protected, homeowners must purchase a separate earthquake insurance policy or add an endorsement. According to FEMA’s earthquake safety guidance, earthquake insurance can cover repairs to your home and personal property, but it typically carries a high deductible, often a percentage of the dwelling coverage. Many Illinois residents forgo this coverage because of the perceived low risk, but for those in the southernmost counties, it may be a prudent investment.

Beyond direct shaking damage, earthquakes can trigger secondary issues like gas leaks, water line breaks, and chimney fires. These hazards can be just as dangerous as the quake itself. Knowing the risks and taking preventive steps can reduce both physical damage and financial loss.

How to Prepare Your Home

Preparing your home for an earthquake does not require a major renovation. Use these concrete steps to reduce your risk, based on guidance from Ready.gov:

• Secure heavy furniture: Anchor bookcases, armoires, and other tall furniture to wall studs with brackets or straps.
• Fasten appliances: Strap your water heater and other heavy appliances to the wall to prevent them from tipping over and rupturing gas or water lines.
• Install latches on cabinets: Use childproof latches on kitchen and bathroom cabinets to keep glassware and chemicals from spilling out.
• Secure your water heater: If you have a gas water heater, make sure the flexible gas line is properly connected, and consider installing an automatic gas shutoff valve.
• Reinforce your foundation: If you have a crawl space or basement, inspect the foundation for cracks and have a professional seal and reinforce them if needed.
• Inspect your chimney: Have your chimney inspected for loose bricks or cracks, and retrofit it with rebar or other reinforcement to prevent collapse.
• Identify safe spots: Practice "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" and designate a sturdy piece of furniture (like a heavy desk) as your go-to spot during a quake.
• Prepare an emergency kit: Stock water, food, flashlights, batteries, and a first-aid kit that can last at least 72 hours.
• Learn to shut off utilities: Know how to shut off your gas, electricity, and water at the main valve or breaker to prevent fires after a quake.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Illinois at risk for a big earthquake?

Yes, but the risk is considered low to moderate. The most significant threat is in southern Illinois, especially near the New Madrid Seismic Zone. Scientists believe there is a small chance of a large earthquake (magnitude 6.0 or higher) in this region over the next 50 years, but the probability is much lower than in California or Alaska. Even smaller quakes of magnitude 4–5 can occasionally be felt across the state.

What should I do during an earthquake?

The safest action is to "Drop, Cover, and Hold On": drop down to your hands and knees, take cover under a sturdy table or desk and protect your head and neck, and hold on until the shaking stops. If indoors, stay inside and away from windows. If outdoors, move to an open area away from buildings, power lines, and trees. If driving, pull over to a clear spot and stay in your vehicle with your seatbelt fastened until the shaking ends.

Does homeowners insurance cover earthquake damage in Illinois?

No, standard homeowners insurance policies in Illinois do not cover earthquake damage. You must purchase a separate earthquake insurance policy, often through the same insurer, or add an endorsement to your existing policy. Coverage typically includes home repairs and personal property, but deductibles are usually high (often 5% to 15% of the dwelling coverage). For homeowners in the high-risk southern counties, it is worth obtaining a quote.

Official Resources

• Illinois Emergency Management Agency
• USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
• Ready.gov – Earthquakes
• FEMA Earthquake Safety