Drought Risk in Maryland — Level 2 of 5

Drought risk in Maryland is moderate, rated level 2 of 5. Droughts typically develop during summer and can affect water supplies, agriculture, and home landscapes. While major drought emergencies are uncommon, periodic dry spells can strain wells and increase the need for water conservation.

Drought Characteristics in Maryland

Maryland generally has a humid climate with well-distributed rainfall, but periods of unusually dry weather can still occur. Drought in Maryland is most likely to develop during the late summer and early fall, when high temperatures and extended high-pressure systems reduce rainfall and increase evaporation. The state’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and the Chesapeake Bay can moderate temperatures, but it does not guarantee steady precipitation.

Certain parts of Maryland are more exposed to drought impacts than others. The Eastern Shore and Southern Maryland have sandy, well-drained soils that dry out quickly during rainless spells. Western Maryland, with its mountainous terrain, can experience localized rain shadows that make some valleys drier. However, drought in Maryland is rarely statewide or long-lasting; it is more often a short-term condition that affects water supplies, agriculture, and home gardens.

The National Risk Index rates drought in Maryland as level 2 of 5, meaning the overall risk is relatively low compared to other states. Still, even a moderate drought can stress water systems, especially in rural areas where homes depend on private wells. The US Drought Monitor and Drought.gov track these conditions week by week, offering a useful early warning for residents.

How It Affects Homes

Drought does not usually cause the dramatic structural damage associated with floods or earthquakes, but it can still have significant effects on homes and properties. The most common issues include dry wells, cracked foundations, damaged landscaping, and increased wildfire risk.

Homes with private wells are especially vulnerable. When groundwater levels drop, wells can run dry, forcing homeowners to rely on bottled water or pay for expensive drilling. Even if a well does not completely dry out, reduced water pressure and sediment in the water are common complaints during extended droughts.

Dry soil can also affect building foundations. Clay-rich soils, found in many parts of Maryland, shrink and crack as they dry. This can cause a house’s foundation to settle unevenly, leading to cracks in walls and floors. While a single dry season rarely causes major damage, repeated droughts or an exceptionally severe dry spell can be enough to require foundation repairs.

Insurance considerations for drought damage are often misunderstood. Most standard homeowners insurance policies do not cover drought-related losses such as well failure or soil-related foundation cracks. Water damage from a broken pipe is covered, but a dry well is typically not. Homeowners should review their policies and ask their insurance agent about coverage for groundwater or geotechnical issues. The Maryland Department of Emergency Management recommends documenting any drought-related damage and contacting local emergency management if assistance is needed.

How to Prepare Your Home

Preparation for drought focuses on reducing water use and protecting your property from the effects of dry conditions. Even in Maryland, where drought is not the most common hazard, taking the following steps can save money and reduce stress during a dry spell.

Fix leaks promptly: A small drip from a faucet or toilet can waste hundreds of gallons a year. Check your plumbing and irrigation systems regularly, and repair any leaks immediately.
Install water-efficient fixtures: EPA WaterSense-labeled toilets, showerheads, and faucets use at least 20 percent less water than standard models, helping your home stay within well or municipal capacity.
Collect rainwater: Rain barrels connected to downspouts can capture water for watering plants, washing cars, or other outdoor uses. In many Maryland communities, rain barrels are allowed and even encouraged.
Choose drought-tolerant landscaping: Replace thirsty turf grass with native plants, ornamental grasses, or ground covers that require less irrigation. Adding mulch around trees and shrubs helps retain soil moisture.
Maintain your well: If you have a private well, have it inspected annually, and consider installing a water level monitor so you know when groundwater is getting low. Reduce water use as soon as you notice a drop.
Protect your foundation: During dry spells, water the soil around your home evenly, but avoid soaking it. A soaker hose placed a few feet away from the foundation can help keep soil moisture consistent and minimize cracking.
Create a rain garden: A shallow garden filled with moisture-tolerant native plants can absorb heavy rain when it does come, reducing runoff and helping recharge groundwater.
Know your water sources: If you rely on a well, learn about local groundwater conditions through the Drought.gov dashboard or your county health department. If you use municipal water, check with your utility about conservation alerts.

Frequently Asked Questions

How common are droughts in Maryland?

Droughts in Maryland are not as common or as severe as in western states, but they do happen. The state experiences a dry spell somewhere almost every year, and a more significant drought occurs every few years. The US Drought Monitor shows that parts of Maryland are often in the “abnormally dry” category during the summer, even when no official drought is declared.

Can drought cause foundation damage?

Yes, drought can contribute to foundation damage, especially in areas with clay-rich soil. Dry soil shrinks and pulls away from the foundation, causing it to settle or move. This can result in cracks in walls, floors, or the foundation itself. While a single dry spell rarely causes severe damage, repeated droughts or very dry summers can increase the risk. Maintaining consistent soil moisture around the foundation helps reduce this risk.

What should I do if my well goes dry?

If your well goes dry, contact a licensed well driller or pump installer immediately. Do not attempt to deepen the well yourself, as this requires professional equipment and permits. In the meantime, use water sparingly, prioritize drinking and cooking, and consider using bottled or hauled water. The Maryland Department of Emergency Management may be able to provide guidance or point you to local resources during a drought emergency.

Official Resources

Last updated: August 11, 2026. Risk levels are state-wide estimates based on public hazard data — always verify your specific address with the official sources above.