Drought risk in Massachusetts

Drought in Massachusetts: A Low-Risk but Real Hazard

Massachusetts is not typically thought of as a drought-prone state, and its overall drought risk is rated level 2 out of 5 by the National Risk Index. However, droughts do occur, and when they do, they can affect homes, water supplies, and landscapes. According to the US Drought Monitor, the state experiences periods of below-normal precipitation that can lead to moderate to severe drought conditions, especially during summer and fall.

Drought in Massachusetts is often driven by a combination of high temperatures, increased evaporation, and a lack of sustained rainfall. The state's climate varies from coastal to inland, with the eastern part of the state generally milder and the western part more continental. Drought can develop in any region, but some areas are more vulnerable. Central and northeastern Massachusetts, including the Merrimack Valley and Worcester County, have historically experienced some of the most significant drought impacts. These areas rely on smaller reservoirs and groundwater supplies that can be depleted during prolonged dry spells. Coastal communities can also be affected, though sea breezes may moderate temperatures and reduce evaporation slightly.

The seasons matter. Drought often begins in summer when water demand for lawns and gardens peaks. If fall remains dry, drought can persist into winter. While winter snow can replenish soil moisture when it melts, a lack of snowpack in Massachusetts—where snow is often limited—can lead to dry spring conditions. The US Drought Monitor provides weekly updates on drought conditions across the state, and Drought.gov offers local data and resources.

How Drought Affects Homes in Massachusetts

Even a moderate drought can have noticeable effects on Massachusetts homes. The most common impacts include:

• Private wells: Many homes in central and western Massachusetts rely on private wells. During a drought, water levels can drop, causing wells to run dry or produce less water. This can lead to costly drilling or deepening of wells.
• Foundation and soil damage: When soil dries out, it shrinks. This can cause foundations to settle, crack, and shift. Driveways, patios, and walkways may also crack or become uneven. These problems often appear after the drought ends, as soil rehydrates unevenly.
• Landscaping loss: Lawns, shrubs, and trees can die or become stressed. Replacing mature landscaping can be expensive.
• Increased wildfire risk: Drought dries out vegetation, making wildfires more likely and more intense. Homes near forests or brushy areas face a greater threat.
• Water restrictions: Local water departments may impose mandatory restrictions on outdoor water use, limiting your ability to maintain your yard.

Insurance considerations: Standard homeowners insurance policies typically do not cover drought-related damage. For example, well failure or foundation cracking caused by soil shrinkage is usually excluded. However, if a wildfire damages your home, fire coverage under your policy may apply. It's important to review your policy with your insurance agent and ask about specific exclusions. Flood insurance, which is separate and often required in flood zones, does not cover drought. Some insurers may offer endorsements for water backup or other related perils, but drought itself is generally not a covered peril.

How to Prepare Your Home for Drought

Preparation for drought focuses on water conservation, protecting your home's structure, and reducing wildfire risk. The following steps can help:

1. Conserve water indoors: Fix leaky faucets and toilets. Install WaterSense-labeled fixtures, such as low-flow showerheads and toilets, which use less water without sacrificing performance. The EPA WaterSense program provides guidance and product lists.
2. Landscape for drought: Choose native and drought-tolerant plants. Group plants by water needs, and use mulch to retain soil moisture. Consider reducing lawn area, as lawns are the most water-intensive part of a typical yard.
3. Harvest rainwater: Use rain barrels to collect roof runoff for outdoor watering. Check local regulations, as some municipalities restrict rain barrels or require permits.
4. Maintain your well: If you rely on a private well, test it regularly and monitor water levels. Consider consulting a well professional about the depth of your well and whether it can be deepened if droughts become more frequent.
5. Protect your foundation: If water restrictions allow, water foundation plantings deeply and infrequently to reduce soil shrinkage. Avoid over-watering, which can cause other problems. Ensure that drainage directs water away from the foundation during wet periods.
6. Create defensible space: Clear dead leaves, branches, and debris from around your home, especially within 30 feet. Keep gutters clean and trim trees away from the roofline. This reduces wildfire risk during dry spells.
7. Review your insurance: Talk to your insurance agent about what is covered and what is not. Ask specifically about drought-related damage and wildfire coverage. Consider whether additional coverage is appropriate for your situation.
8. Store emergency water: Keep at least a three-day supply of water for your household—one gallon per person per day for drinking and sanitation. The Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency offers preparedness tips for all hazards.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Massachusetts experience droughts?

Yes, Massachusetts can experience droughts. While the state generally receives adequate rainfall, periods of below-normal precipitation can lead to drought conditions. The US Drought Monitor shows that parts of the state have experienced moderate to severe drought in recent years. Droughts often develop in summer and fall, but can persist year-round.

How can drought damage my home?

Drought can cause wells to run dry, leading to water shortages. It can also cause soil to shrink, which may lead to foundation cracks, settling, and damage to driveways and patios. Drought increases wildfire risk, which can threaten homes in wooded areas. Landscaping may also be lost.

Does homeowners insurance cover drought damage?

Typically, standard homeowners insurance does not cover drought-related damage such as well failure or foundation cracking from soil movement. However, fire damage from a wildfire may be covered. It's important to review your policy and speak with your insurance agent about your specific risks and coverage options.

Official Resources

• Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency (MEMA)
• US Drought Monitor
• Drought.gov
• EPA WaterSense