Hurricanes risk in New Hampshire

Hurricane characteristics in New Hampshire

New Hampshire’s location in northern New England places it on the northern edge of where tropical cyclones typically reach the mainland United States. While the state’s 13-mile coastline is short, it is not immune to hurricane and tropical storm impacts. Most storms that affect New Hampshire have already weakened or transitioned into post-tropical systems, but they can still bring damaging winds, heavy rainfall, and coastal flooding.

The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1 through November 30, with peak activity typically occurring between mid-August and late September. In New Hampshire, the most exposed areas are the coastal communities in Rockingham County, including Portsmouth, Rye, and Hampton. These areas face the dual threat of storm surge from the Atlantic Ocean and tidal flooding in rivers and harbors. Inland areas, while less exposed to surge, can experience severe flooding from prolonged rainfall, as well as wind damage to trees and structures.

Historically, New Hampshire has experienced notable events such as the 1938 Great New England Hurricane, Hurricane Carol in 1954, and Hurricane Bob in 1991. More recently, Tropical Storm Irene in 2011 and Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy in 2012 caused power outages and flooding across the state. Because of its latitude and cooler water temperatures, New Hampshire’s hurricanes are generally less intense than those in the Southeast, but they can still be dangerous. FEMA’s National Risk Index rates hurricane risk in New Hampshire as relatively low compared to other states, at Level 2 of 5, but it is not zero.

How it affects homes

Hurricanes and tropical storms can damage homes in several ways. Wind is one of the primary threats: strong gusts can tear off shingles, damage roofs, break windows, and down trees onto houses and vehicles. Inland, falling trees are a major cause of property damage and personal injury during strong storms. Power outages are common and can last for days or even weeks, affecting heating, cooling, water pumps, and food storage.

Flooding is another significant concern. Heavy rain from a tropical system can cause rivers and streams to overflow, leading to basement flooding and water damage to living spaces. In coastal areas, storm surge can push seawater into homes, ruining floors, drywall, electrical systems, and personal belongings. Even a few inches of water can cause thousands of dollars in damage.

Insurance considerations are important for New Hampshire homeowners. Standard homeowners insurance policies typically cover wind damage, but they do not cover flood damage. Flood insurance is a separate policy available through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and some private insurers. New Hampshire residents in high-risk flood zones with federally backed mortgages are required to carry flood insurance, but anyone can benefit from it, as flooding can happen outside mapped floodplains. Additionally, many insurers include a separate hurricane deductible, which is a percentage of the home’s insured value rather than a flat dollar amount. It is essential to review your policy with your insurance agent to understand exactly what is covered and what your financial responsibility would be after a hurricane-related loss.

How to prepare your home

Taking proactive steps can reduce the damage a hurricane or tropical storm may cause to your home. Here are some practical measures, many of which are recommended by FEMA and Ready.gov:

• Secure your roof: Ensure roof shingles, tiles, and flashing are in good condition. Consider installing storm straps or clips to better connect the roof to the walls.
• Protect windows and doors: Install impact-resistant windows or window shutters. If that is not possible, have plywood panels cut to fit and ready to install before a storm.
• Trim trees and branches: Remove dead or weak limbs that could become projectiles or fall on your home during high winds.
• Clear gutters and downspouts: Remove leaves and debris so rainwater can flow away from your house, reducing the risk of water seeping into the foundation.
• Elevate utilities: Raise heating systems, water heaters, electric panels, and appliances above potential flood levels in basements or ground floors.
• Install a sump pump: If your home has a basement, a battery-operated sump pump can help keep it dry during heavy rain and power outages.
• Reinforce garage doors: A weak garage door can collapse and allow strong winds to enter the house, pressurizing the roof and walls.
• Bring in outdoor items: Store patio furniture, grills, trash cans, and potted plants inside or securely tie them down to prevent them from becoming dangerous projectiles.
• Know your evacuation zone: Check if you live in an evacuation area and learn the routes, especially if you are near the coast or in a flood-prone lowland.
• Create an emergency kit: Include water, non-perishable food, flashlights, batteries, a first-aid kit, medications, important documents, and cash. Store it in a waterproof container you can grab quickly.

Preparing your home also means understanding the official guidance from your state and local emergency management agencies. Sign up for local alerts and have a family communication plan in case you are separated.

Frequently asked questions

Does New Hampshire get hurricanes?

Yes, New Hampshire can be affected by hurricanes and tropical storms, though less frequently and usually with lower intensity than southern states. The state’s short coastline is vulnerable to storm surge, and inland areas can experience flooding and wind damage. Tropical storm remnants have caused significant damage in the past, such as Tropical Storm Irene in 2011.

Is flood insurance required in New Hampshire?

Flood insurance is required by federal law if your home is in a FEMA-designated Special Flood Hazard Area and you have a mortgage from a federally regulated or insured lender. Even if it is not required, homeowners in coastal and riverine flood-prone areas are strongly encouraged to purchase flood insurance because standard homeowners policies exclude flood damage.

What should I do if a hurricane warning is issued for my area?

If a hurricane or tropical storm warning is issued, and if local officials recommend or order evacuation, leave immediately and follow designated routes. If you stay home, go to an interior room away from windows, secure doors and windows, and have your emergency kit ready. Monitor local news and alert systems for updates, and do not return until officials say it is safe.

Official resources

• New Hampshire Homeland Security and Emergency Management
• NOAA National Hurricane Center
• Ready.gov – Hurricanes
• FEMA Hurricane Preparedness