Wildfires risk in New Hampshire

Wildfire Characteristics in New Hampshire

While New Hampshire is known for its lush forests and abundant rainfall, it is not immune to wildfires. The state’s wildfire risk is considered low to moderate, earning a level 2 out of 5 rating, but certain conditions and locations can elevate the danger. Nearly 80% of New Hampshire is forested, and many communities are nestled within or adjacent to wooded areas, creating a wildland-urban interface where homes and wildlands meet.

New Hampshire has a distinct wildfire season that peaks twice a year. The first and most significant season runs from early April through May, when snow has melted but new vegetation has not yet “greened up.” Dead leaves, grass, and branches from the previous fall become dry fuel, and prevailing winds can quickly spread any fire that starts. A second, typically milder season occurs in October and November, when autumn leaf drop and dry spells combine to create similar conditions. Summer wildfire activity is usually limited by frequent rain and high humidity, though extended droughts can extend the risk.

Geographically, wildfire exposure is uneven. Southern New Hampshire and the Lakes Region see more development near forest edges, increasing the chance of human-caused ignitions. The White Mountains, while heavily forested, have fewer homes but still attract recreationists who may accidentally start fires. The state’s emergency management agency, New Hampshire Homeland Security and Emergency Management, works with local fire departments to track fire danger and coordinate response. Despite the low overall rating, local conditions can spike dramatically during a dry spring day, as the National Interagency Fire Center notes that weather and fuel availability are the key drivers of wildfire activity in the Northeast.

How It Affects Homes

Wildfires in New Hampshire may be smaller than those in western states, but they can still be destructive to homes. The most common way homes ignite during a wildfire is through embers and radiant heat. Burning twigs and pine needles can be blown more than a mile ahead of a fire, landing on roofs, in gutters, or against wooden siding. Shredded cedar roofs, uncovered chimneys, and vents without fine mesh are especially vulnerable. Once a fire reaches a home, nearby trees, shrubs, and stacked firewood can provide the fuel needed to sustain the flames.

Property damage from wildfires in New Hampshire often involves structural losses, but smoke and water damage from suppression efforts can also be significant. Homes with heavy tree cover are at greater risk, as crown fires can spread rapidly from tree to tree. After a fire, erosion and debris flows can affect properties on slopes, although that is more common in mountainous areas.

From an insurance perspective, standard homeowners policies typically cover fire damage, including wildfire. However, repeated losses or high-risk locations may lead to higher premiums or difficulty finding coverage. It is wise to review your policy with an agent, especially if your home is in a forested area. You can also strengthen your home’s resilience, which many insurers recognize with discounts. Just as flood insurance is a separate policy, watch for any exclusions regarding wildfire; in most cases, though, fire is a named peril. The Ready.gov wildfire guide stresses that preparation is the best way to protect your investment.

How to Prepare Your Home

Even with low state-level risk, taking simple steps can greatly reduce the chance that your home will be damaged by a wildfire. The following actions, recommended by fire experts, are practical for New Hampshire homeowners:

• Create defensible space for at least 30 feet around your home. Rake leaves, dead grass, and pine needles from your yard and around decks.
• Trim trees so the lowest branches are at least 6 feet above the ground and away from your roofline.
• Choose fire-resistant building materials when replacing roofs, siding, or decks. Class A asphalt shingles, metal roofing, and fiber-cement siding are good choices.
• Install fine mesh screens (1/8-inch) over attic, crawlspace, and eave vents to keep embers out.
• Clear gutters of leaves and debris, and cover them with guards if possible.
• Keep firewood and propane tanks at least 30 feet from the house and store flammable liquids in approved containers.
• Maintain a green lawn near the house and water plants regularly during dry spells.
• Have a fire evacuation plan that includes multiple routes, and practice it with your household.
• Sign up for local emergency alerts to receive warnings from your town or county.

For more detailed advice, the US Forest Service fire page offers guidance on maintaining healthy forests and reducing fuel around your property. Even a small investment in preparation can make a big difference.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is wildfire a real threat in New Hampshire?

Yes, though the risk is lower than in many western states. New Hampshire averages dozens of small wildfires each year, typically burning less than a few acres. The greatest threat occurs during spring and fall dry periods, and homes located in or near forests face the highest exposure.

What causes wildfires in New Hampshire?

Most wildfires in New Hampshire are caused by people. Outdoor burning of yard debris, campfires left unattended, discarded cigarettes, and equipment sparks are common sources. Unusual dry conditions, such as a drought, can turn a small spark into a larger fire.

What should I include in my emergency kit for wildfire?

Be ready to evacuate with a “go bag” containing essentials: water, non-perishable food, medications, important documents, a flashlight, masks to protect from smoke, and basic first-aid supplies. Also include clothing, shoes, and a phone charger. Keep the kit in an easily accessible place near your door.

Official Resources

• New Hampshire Homeland Security and Emergency Management
• National Interagency Fire Center
• Ready.gov – Wildfires
• US Forest Service – Fire