Earthquakes risk in Ohio

Earthquake Characteristics in Ohio

Ohio is not among the most earthquake-prone states, but it is not immune to seismic activity. According to the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, the state experiences occasional earthquakes, with the highest hazard concentrated in western Ohio. The area around Shelby County, including the communities of Anna and Sidney, sits near ancient fault lines that have produced notable events in the past.

Unlike California, where earthquakes are driven by active plate boundaries, Ohio's earthquakes occur on old, deep faults within the stable North American plate. These quakes tend to be shallow, which means their shaking can be felt over a wide area. For example, the 1937 magnitude 5.4 earthquake near Anna was felt across several states and caused damage to buildings in Shelby County. Smaller earthquakes are recorded every year, most of them too weak to be felt. The USGS and the Ohio Emergency Management Agency monitor seismic activity and provide updates.

Geographically, the highest risk in Ohio is in the western counties, particularly Shelby, Auglaize, Mercer, and Darke. Northeastern Ohio, near Cleveland and Akron, has also experienced minor earthquakes, though less frequently. There is no earthquake season; unlike tornadoes or floods, earthquakes can occur at any time of year. The level 2 rating on our 5-point scale reflects that while damaging earthquakes are possible, they are relatively rare.

How It Affects Homes

Most earthquakes in Ohio are too small to cause any damage. However, a moderate earthquake—magnitude 4.5 to 5.5—could crack foundations, chimneys, and walls, especially in older homes. Unreinforced masonry, common in many older Ohio houses, is particularly vulnerable. Shaking can also cause items to fall from shelves, break windows, and shift furniture. In a stronger event, gas lines and water lines could rupture, leading to fires or water damage.

From an insurance perspective, standard homeowners policies typically do not cover earthquake damage. You would need a separate earthquake policy or an endorsement. In Ohio, because the overall risk is modest, earthquake insurance premiums are generally lower than in high-risk states like California, but deductibles may still be a percentage of your home's value. Many Ohio homeowners choose not to purchase coverage, but if you live in western Ohio near known faults, it is worth discussing with your insurance agent. The FEMA Earthquake Safety page offers guidance on financial preparedness.

How to Prepare Your Home

Even in a lower-risk state, basic mitigation steps can reduce damage and keep your family safe. Here are concrete actions you can take:

• Secure heavy furniture and appliances. Anchor bookcases, tall cabinets, and televisions to wall studs. Use flexible straps or brackets.
• Strap your water heater. A water heater can topple during shaking, causing gas leaks or water damage. Secure it with two metal straps.
• Install cabinet latches. Use childproof or earthquake latches to keep doors closed and prevent items from spilling out.
• Brace cripple walls and bolt the sill plate. If your home has a crawl space, consult a contractor about bolting the wooden sill to the foundation and adding plywood bracing to cripple walls.
• Reinforce masonry chimneys. Older chimneys can crack or collapse. Have a professional evaluate and retrofit them if needed.
• Create a disaster kit. Include water, non-perishable food, a first-aid kit, flashlights, batteries, and a battery-powered radio. Keep it accessible.
• Make a family plan. Identify safe spots in each room (under sturdy tables, away from windows) and practice “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” drills. Learn how to shut off gas and water.
• Consider earthquake insurance. Review your policy and decide if additional coverage makes sense for your location and budget.

For more detailed guidance, see Ready.gov – Earthquakes.

Frequently Asked Questions

How common are earthquakes in Ohio?

Ohio experiences dozens of small earthquakes each year, though most are too weak to be felt. The USGS records these events, and a few are strong enough to be noticed by residents. Moderate earthquakes that can cause damage are much less frequent, occurring only every few decades. The 1937 Anna earthquake is the most notable example in recent history.

Are there fault lines in Ohio?

Yes, Ohio has many ancient fault lines, but they are not the same as the active plate boundaries found in California. The most well-known is the Anna Fault in Shelby County, which was responsible for the 1937 earthquake. Other faults exist in eastern and northeastern Ohio. These faults can occasionally produce moderate earthquakes, but large, destructive events are unlikely.

Do I need earthquake insurance in Ohio?

Standard homeowners insurance policies typically exclude earthquake damage. Because Ohio's overall risk is relatively low, earthquake coverage is often affordable, but it may come with a deductible of 5% to 15% of your home's insured value. If you live in western Ohio near known faults, or if you simply want peace of mind, consider purchasing a separate policy or endorsement. Talk to your insurance agent to compare options.

Official Resources

• Ohio Emergency Management Agency
• USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
• Ready.gov – Earthquakes
• FEMA Earthquake Safety