Winter Storms risk in Texas

Winter storm characteristics in Texas

Texas is not typically associated with harsh winter weather, but the state's size and geography mean that winter storms can affect different regions in different ways. Winter storm risk in Texas is rated level 2 out of 5, meaning it is a moderate but real hazard. Most winter weather events occur between November and March, with January and February being the peak months.

In the Texas Panhandle and northern areas, cold air from Canada can sweep southward, bringing heavy snow and blizzard conditions. Central Texas, including cities like Dallas–Fort Worth and Austin, often experiences freezing rain and sleet, which can create dangerous ice on roads and power lines. Even southern Texas, including the Gulf Coast, can occasionally see freezing temperatures or frozen precipitation, though these are rarer and often less severe.

One of the defining features of Texas winter storms is their unpredictability. A storm that brings mild rain to the south can turn into an ice storm just 100 miles north. The lack of frequent cold weather also means that many communities are less prepared for snow and ice removal, and residents may not be accustomed to winter weather safety practices. Additionally, the state's power infrastructure has faced challenges during extreme cold events, leading to rolling blackouts in recent years. For these reasons, understanding your local risk and preparing in advance is essential.

How it affects homes

Winter storms can cause significant property damage in Texas, often in ways that surprise homeowners. The most common and costly issue is frozen pipes. When temperatures drop below freezing, water in pipes can freeze and expand, causing the pipe to crack or burst. This is especially likely in homes where pipes are located in unheated areas like attics, garages, or exterior walls. The resulting water damage can be extensive, affecting walls, floors, and personal belongings.

Ice and snow can also damage roofs, gutters, and outdoor structures. The weight of ice and snow can cause roof leaks or even collapses in extreme cases. Ice dams, formed when melting snow refreezes at the roofline, can push water under shingles and into attics. Falling tree limbs due to ice accumulation can damage homes, vehicles, and power lines, leading to power outages that affect heating, lights, and electronics.

From an insurance perspective, standard homeowners policies typically cover damage caused by water from burst pipes and structural damage from the weight of ice or snow. However, they may not cover the cost to repair or replace the pipes themselves, depending on the policy and whether you took reasonable steps to prevent freezing. Flooding from melting snow or ice jams is not covered by standard homeowners insurance and requires a separate flood policy. It is important to review your policy and talk to your agent about what is and is not covered, especially if you live in an area prone to winter storms.

How to prepare your home

• Insulate pipes: Wrap exposed pipes in insulation or foam sleeves, especially those in attics, basements, and exterior walls. Open cabinet doors under sinks to allow warm air to circulate.
• Seal air leaks: Use caulk or weatherstripping around doors, windows, and any openings where cold air can enter and cause drafts or pipe freezing.
• Protect your roof: Trim tree branches that could fall on your roof during ice or snow storms. Clean gutters to allow melting snow to drain properly.
• Maintain heating systems: Have your furnace, heat pump, or space heaters serviced regularly. If you rely on a fireplace or wood stove, have it inspected before winter.
• Prepare for power outages: Install a generator or keep battery-operated flashlights, radios, and extra batteries on hand. Never use a generator indoors or in an attached garage.
• Let faucets drip: During freezing temperatures, let cold water drip from faucets served by exposed pipes. Moving water is less likely to freeze.
• Know how to shut off your water: Locate your main water shutoff valve and learn how to turn it off in case a pipe bursts. This can minimize water damage.
• Create an emergency kit: Include blankets, extra warm clothing, non-perishable food, bottled water, and medications. Be ready to stay home for at least 72 hours if roads are impassable.

Frequently asked questions

Does my homeowners insurance cover damage from winter storms in Texas?

Most standard homeowners policies cover damage caused by freezing or bursting pipes, as well as structural damage from the weight of ice or snow, if the damage is sudden and accidental. However, you may need to prove that you took reasonable steps to maintain heat and prevent freezing. Check with your insurance provider to understand specific deductibles, coverage limits, and any exclusions, especially for outdoor property or detached structures.

What should I do if my pipes freeze?

First, turn off the main water supply and open a nearby faucet to relieve pressure. Use a hair dryer, heating pad, or warm towels to thaw the pipe slowly—never use an open flame. If you cannot find the burst or the water is not shut off, call a plumber. If a pipe has already burst, turn off the water and take steps to dry out your home immediately to prevent mold and further damage.

How can I stay safe during a winter power outage?

Keep warm by closing off rooms, using extra blankets, and wearing warm clothing. Avoid using ovens or stoves for heating, as this can create carbon monoxide or fire hazards. If you use a generator, place it outdoors and away from windows, doors, and vents. Never run it in a garage, even with the door open. Check on elderly neighbors and relatives, and have a battery-operated weather radio for updates.

Official resources

• Texas Division of Emergency Management
• NWS Winter Weather Safety
• Ready.gov – Winter Weather
• CDC – Winter Weather