Earthquakes risk in Maine

Earthquake Risk in Maine

Maine is not located at the boundary of any major tectonic plates, so it does not experience the large, destructive earthquakes common in places like California or Alaska. However, the state still has a measurable—though moderate—earthquake risk. FEMA’s National Risk Index rates Maine at level 2 out of 5 for earthquakes, meaning the expected annual loss from earthquake shaking is relatively low but not zero.

Earthquakes in Maine are most often caused by deep ancient faults and fractures in the Earth’s crust, which are remnants of past geological activity. These faults can release stress and produce earthquakes at any time. There is no distinct “earthquake season” in Maine—seismic events can happen during any month, and unlike weather-related hazards, they strike without warning.

While small tremors are most common, moderate earthquakes are possible. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program notes that the northeastern United States experiences occasional earthquakes that can be felt over a wide area because the rocks here are old and dense, allowing seismic waves to travel farther. In Maine, the areas most exposed to earthquake damage are generally those with older infrastructure, such as historic brick and stone buildings in cities like Portland, Bangor, and Augusta. However, the hazard is not limited to any specific region—an earthquake could affect any part of the state, including rural communities.

Compared to other natural hazards in Maine, earthquakes are a lower priority for most homeowners. Still, even a minor earthquake can cause enough shaking to knock over furniture and crack drywall. The key is to be prepared and understand how to reduce risks.

How it affects homes

An earthquake’s impact on your home depends on several factors: the magnitude, distance from the epicenter, the soil type, and how your house is built. In Maine, the most common types of earthquake damage include:

• Cracks in foundation walls and basement floors
• Damage to chimneys and masonry veneers
• Overturned furniture, water heaters, and large appliances
• Broken windows and mirrors
• Sticking doors or windows as frames shift

Structures not anchored to their foundations are particularly vulnerable. Many older homes in Maine have brick or stone foundations that can crumble during shaking. Even newer homes can suffer non-structural damage, like leaking gas lines or fires from overturned stoves.

From an insurance standpoint, it is important to know that standard homeowners insurance policies do not cover earthquake damage. If you want financial protection, you must purchase a separate earthquake insurance policy or an endorsement. According to FEMA Earthquake Safety, earthquake insurance is available in most states, including Maine, but it typically has a higher deductible—often 5% to 20% of the home’s replacement cost. The Maine Emergency Management Agency recommends that homeowners discuss this risk with their insurance agent to decide if earthquake coverage makes sense for their situation.

Given Maine’s low risk level, earthquake insurance is not required, and many homeowners skip it. However, if you live in an older home or one with a masonry chimney, you might want to consider the cost of potential repairs against the premium.

How to prepare your home

Even with low risk, taking a few simple steps can substantially reduce damage and injuries during an earthquake. The Ready.gov – Earthquakes guide recommends these actions:

• Secure heavy furniture: Use brackets or straps to anchor bookcases, cabinets, and televisions to wall studs.
• Install latches on cabinets: Kitchen and bathroom cabinets should have latches to keep contents from spilling out during shaking.
• Strap the water heater: An unsecured water heater can tip over and rupture gas or water lines. Use steel strapping to secure it to the wall.
• Bolster the foundation: If your home has a crawlspace or raised foundation, make sure it is bolted to the foundation. This is a larger project, but it is one of the most effective ways to prevent major structural damage.
• Know how to shut off utilities: Learn where the gas and water shut-off valves are and keep a wrench nearby. If you smell gas after a quake, shut off the gas immediately.
• Store breakables safely: Keep heavy or fragile items on lower shelves, and use putty or museum gel to hold valuables in place.
• Prepare an emergency kit: Include water, non-perishable food, flashlights, batteries, a first-aid kit, and a battery-powered radio. Keep it in an accessible location.

Remember, during an earthquake, the recommended action is to drop, cover, and hold on. Practice this with your family so everyone knows what to do.

Frequently asked questions

How strong do earthquakes get in Maine?

Maine has experienced earthquakes up to magnitude 5 or slightly higher in the past, according to the USGS. These are considered moderate and can cause minor damage, especially to older buildings. Earthquakes above magnitude 6 are unlikely in this region, but not impossible. The overall risk remains low compared to other parts of the country.

Does home insurance cover earthquake damage?

No, standard home insurance policies do not cover earthquake damage. You need a separate earthquake insurance policy or an optional endorsement. This coverage is available in Maine from most major insurers, but it often comes with a separate deductible. The Maine Emergency Management Agency advises homeowners to evaluate their risk and contact their insurance provider to discuss options.

Should I worry about an earthquake in Maine?

While earthquakes are not the most common hazard in Maine, they are possible. The risk is rated level 2 out of 5, which means the chance of experiencing damaging shaking is low. You don’t need to fear earthquakes, but basic preparedness—like securing furniture and having an emergency kit—is smart. It also helps for other emergencies like storms or fires.

Official resources

• Maine Emergency Management Agency
• USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
• Ready.gov – Earthquakes
• FEMA Earthquake Safety