Drought risk in Minnesota

Drought in Minnesota: What You Need to Know

Minnesota's climate is generally humid continental, with cold winters and warm summers. While the state is not typically associated with severe, prolonged droughts like some western states, drought does occur. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, parts of Minnesota can experience drought conditions ranging from 'abnormally dry' to 'exceptional drought' in any given year. HomeRiskMap rates Minnesota's drought risk as level 2 out of 5, indicating a relatively low but not negligible risk.

Drought in Minnesota is most common during the summer months, but it can develop in any season and persist for multiple years. The most drought-prone areas tend to be the western and southern parts of the state, where precipitation is lower and evaporation rates are higher. However, even the Twin Cities metro area and northern Minnesota can be affected. The state's economy, agriculture, and water supplies—including both surface water and groundwater—are all vulnerable to drought. The National Integrated Drought Information System (Drought.gov) provides state-specific drought information and forecasts.

Minnesota's drought risk is influenced by large-scale climate patterns, such as La Niña, which can lead to drier-than-normal conditions. The Minnesota Homeland Security and Emergency Management (HSEM) coordinates the state's drought preparedness and response efforts. While severe droughts are less frequent than in the arid West, they can still have significant impacts on homes and communities.

How Drought Affects Homes in Minnesota

Drought can impact homes in several ways, even in a state like Minnesota. The most direct effect is on water supply. Many rural homes rely on private wells, which can run dry if the water table drops during a prolonged drought. Homes connected to municipal water systems may face water use restrictions, such as bans on lawn watering and car washing. Drought can also cause the ground to shrink and crack, leading to foundation movement and damage. This is especially true for homes built on clay-rich soils, which expand when wet and contract when dry.

Other effects include increased risk of wildfires, which can threaten homes near wooded areas, and stress on trees and landscaping, making them more susceptible to pests and disease. Drought can also lead to poor air quality from dust and smoke. In terms of insurance, standard homeowners policies typically do not cover damage caused by drought, such as foundation cracks from soil settling. However, fire damage from a wildfire may be covered if the policy includes fire protection. It's important to review your policy and consider additional coverage if you live in a drought-prone area. The EPA WaterSense program offers tips on water efficiency that can help protect your home and reduce water use during drought.

How to Prepare Your Home for Drought

Taking steps to prepare your home can reduce the impact of drought and help you save water and money. Consider the following measures:

• Conserve water indoors: Fix leaks promptly, install water-efficient fixtures such as low-flow toilets and showerheads, and run dishwashers and washing machines only with full loads. EPA WaterSense labeled products can help.
• Landscape for drought: Choose native and drought-tolerant plants, reduce lawn area, and use mulch to retain soil moisture. Consider xeriscaping principles adapted to Minnesota's climate.
• Manage trees and shrubs: Deep-water trees during dry periods to maintain their health, as stressed trees are more prone to pests and disease. Avoid planting new trees during drought.
• Protect your foundation: Ensure proper drainage away from the foundation, and consider installing a foundation watering system if you have expansive soils. Consult a professional engineer for advice.
• Prepare for water shortages: If you rely on a private well, monitor water levels and consider adding a storage tank or connecting to a community water system if feasible. Have a plan for water restrictions.
• Reduce wildfire risk: Create defensible space around your home by clearing dry vegetation and debris, especially if you live in a wildland-urban interface area.
• Stay informed: Monitor drought conditions via the U.S. Drought Monitor and follow guidance from Minnesota HSEM and local authorities.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Minnesota have a drought risk?

Yes, Minnesota can experience drought, though severe, prolonged droughts are less common than in the western U.S. HomeRiskMap rates the state's drought risk as level 2 out of 5. Droughts typically occur during summer but can persist for years, affecting water supplies, agriculture, and homes.

How can I protect my home from drought damage?

You can protect your home by conserving water, maintaining your landscaping with drought-tolerant plants, and ensuring proper drainage around your foundation. If you have a private well, monitor water levels and consider backup water storage. Also, reduce wildfire risk by creating defensible space.

Is drought damage covered by homeowners insurance?

Standard homeowners insurance policies generally do not cover damage from drought, such as foundation cracks caused by soil settling. However, fire damage from a wildfire may be covered. Review your policy and discuss with your insurer whether you need additional coverage.

Official Resources

• Minnesota Homeland Security and Emergency Management (HSEM)
• U.S. Drought Monitor
• Drought.gov (National Integrated Drought Information System)
• EPA WaterSense