Drought risk in Minnesota

Drought characteristics in Minnesota

Minnesota's climate is typically humid continental, with cold winters and warm summers, but it still experiences periodic drought conditions. Unlike sudden hazards like tornadoes or floods, drought develops slowly and can persist for months or even years. According to the US Drought Monitor, Minnesota has seen moderate to severe drought episodes in recent decades, often concentrated in the late summer and early fall when evaporation rates are highest and rainfall is inconsistent.

The western and central parts of Minnesota are generally more exposed to drought because they receive less average precipitation than the eastern regions near Lake Superior. Agricultural areas are the most sensitive, as crops like corn and soybeans depend on consistent soil moisture. However, drought can affect anyone in the state, including urban and suburban homeowners, through reduced water supplies, higher wildfire risk, and stress on natural vegetation.

The state's emergency management agency, Minnesota Homeland Security and Emergency Management, recognizes drought as a recurring hazard that can trigger water use restrictions, agricultural disasters, and public safety concerns. Because Minnesota has many lakes and rivers, drought can also lower water levels, affecting recreation and ecosystems. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and state climatologists track these events closely, but homeowners should be aware that drought is a normal part of the region's climate variability.

How it affects homes

Drought affects homes in several ways that are less dramatic than a flood or a tornado, but still costly. The most common issue is soil shrinkage. When dry conditions persist, clay-rich soils under and around foundations can contract, leading to settling, cracking, or uneven floors. This type of damage is not typically covered by standard homeowners insurance because it is considered a maintenance or ground movement issue, not a sudden event.

Another major concern is the loss of water supply for homes that rely on private wells. During drought, the water table can drop, causing wells to run dry or produce sand and sediment. Homeowners may need to drill deeper wells or install storage tanks, which can be expensive. Municipal water supplies are usually more resilient, but extended drought can lead to mandatory conservation measures that limit watering of lawns and gardens.

Wildfire risk also increases during drought, even in Minnesota, especially in the northern pine forests and areas with dry grass and brush. While homes are rarely destroyed by wildfire in Minnesota compared to western states, the risk is real. Homeowners insurance generally covers fire damage, but insurers may raise premiums or impose conditions for homes in high-risk areas. Additionally, landscaping can suffer: lawns turn brown, trees and shrubs may die or become more susceptible to pests, and the cost of replacing established plants adds up.

Finally, drought can indirectly affect indoor air quality if dry conditions lead to more dust and allergens. It can also increase the likelihood of cracked wooden floors or furniture as humidity drops. These effects are usually minor, but they underscore the need for homeowners to think about drought as a gradual, cumulative hazard.

How to prepare your home

Preparing for drought is about making your home more resilient and resource-efficient. Here are concrete steps you can take:

• Install WaterSense-labeled fixtures: According to the EPA WaterSense program, replacing old showerheads, faucets, and toilets with efficient models can reduce indoor water use by 20% or more, saving money and helping your community maintain supplies.
• Fix leaks promptly: A slowly dripping faucet can waste thousands of gallons a year. Check plumbing and outdoor spigots regularly.
• Use rain barrels: Collect rainwater from roof gutters to irrigate gardens and lawns during dry spells. Many Minnesota communities offer rebates or encourage this practice.
• Adopt drought-resistant landscaping: Choose native plants, grasses, and shrubs that require less water. Add mulch around plants to reduce evaporation and improve soil moisture.
• Water wisely: Water lawns deeply but less frequently, early in the morning or late evening to minimize evaporation. Follow local restrictions if they are in place.
• Inspect your well: If you have a private well, have it tested and serviced annually. Consider installing a low-flow shutoff or storage tank to ease demand.
• Check foundation and gutters: Ensure downspouts direct water away from the foundation, and seal any cracks that could widen if soil shifts.
• Create a defensible space: If you live near woodland or grassland, keep rooflines clear of leaves and debris, and trim overhanging branches to reduce wildfire risk.

Taking these steps can reduce the impact of drought on your property and make your household more sustainable. It also helps your community maintain water reserves for essential services.

Frequently asked questions

Does homeowners insurance cover drought damage?

Standard homeowners policies generally do not cover damage caused by drought, such as foundation settlement from dry soil or a well running dry. Fire damage caused by drought-related conditions is usually covered, but you should review your policy and talk to your insurance agent about specific risks.

Can I water my lawn during a drought in Minnesota?

It depends on the current conditions and any local or state restrictions. During a declared drought, municipalities may impose watering bans or schedule odd-even days for lawn irrigation. Check with your city or the Drought.gov drought portal for current conditions and guidance.

How long do droughts typically last in Minnesota?

Droughts in Minnesota can last from a few months to several years. The most severe episodes in recent history have lasted through multiple growing seasons. However, droughts are often interrupted by heavy rains, so conditions can change quickly. Monitoring tools like the US Drought Monitor provide weekly updates.

Official resources

• Minnesota Homeland Security and Emergency Management
• US Drought Monitor
• Drought.gov
• EPA WaterSense