Landslides risk in Minnesota

Landslide risk in Minnesota: geography, seasons, and hot spots

Minnesota's overall landslide risk is rated 1 out of 5, meaning the hazard is relatively low compared to mountainous states. However, localized landslides do occur, especially where steep slopes, weak soils, and water combine.

The most exposed areas include the steep bluffs along the Mississippi River and its tributaries (such as the Minnesota and St. Croix rivers), the North Shore of Lake Superior near Duluth, and the unglaciated Driftless Area of southeastern Minnesota. In these places, layers of clay, sand, and gravel can become unstable when saturated.

Landslides in Minnesota are most common during spring snowmelt and after heavy rainstorms. Freeze-thaw cycles in late winter and early spring also trigger rockfalls and slumps. Summer thunderstorms can cause debris flows on steep ravines.

The most common types are slumps, debris flows, and rockfalls. They can happen on natural slopes or on constructed embankments.

Human activity can increase risk: adding weight to a slope, removing vegetation, redirecting drainage, or leaking water lines. Local governments may have additional regulations for building near bluffs. The Minnesota Homeland Security and Emergency Management (HSEM) and USGS provide guidance.

How it affects homes

Landslides can damage homes in several ways. Even a small slump can crack foundations, shift walls, break utility lines, and cause doors or windows to stick. Larger movements can destroy structures, block driveways, and create sinkholes.

Water is often the culprit. When soil becomes saturated, it can push against basement walls or flow into crawl spaces, leading to flooding and mold. Debris flows can impact homes at the base of steep slopes.

Insurance considerations: Standard homeowners insurance policies typically exclude damage from earth movement, including landslides, mudslides, and sinkholes. Some insurers offer an endorsement or a separate difference in conditions (DIC) policy. Flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program may cover mudflow, but not landslides. Without coverage, repairs can be costly and may reduce your home's value. Always check with your insurance agent.

If a landslide is caused by a neighbor's action (like a broken pipe), you may have legal recourse. Document all damage with photos and keep receipts.

How to prepare your home

Mitigation can reduce risk. Consider these steps:

• Know your risk: Check local hazard maps, talk to your city or county planning department, and review USGS landslide resources.
• Manage water: Keep gutters and drainage ditches clear. Extend downspouts at least 5-10 feet from the foundation. Avoid over-irrigating slopes.
• Inspect your property: Look for new cracks in foundations, walls, or pavement; tilting trees or utility poles; or doors that suddenly stick. These can be early warning signs.
• Maintain retaining walls: Have them inspected by a professional, especially after heavy rains.
• Plant appropriate vegetation: Deep-rooted plants can help stabilize slopes, but consult a professional before planting on steep grades.
• Avoid adding weight: Don't pile soil, snow, or debris on slopes near your home.
• Work with experts: Hire a licensed geotechnical engineer before building on or modifying a slope.
• Have an emergency plan: Know how to evacuate quickly if you see signs of ground movement. Ready.gov recommends moving away from the path of a landslide.
• Consider insurance: Ask your agent about DIC or landslide endorsements.
• Report concerns: Contact your local emergency manager if you see signs of slope instability.

Frequently asked questions

Does homeowners insurance cover landslide damage in Minnesota?

In most cases, no. Standard homeowners policies exclude earth movement, which includes landslides. You may need a separate difference in conditions (DIC) policy or a specific endorsement. Some private insurers may offer broader coverage, so it's worth shopping around. Check with your insurance agent to understand your coverage.

Which parts of Minnesota are most at risk for landslides?

The highest risk areas are steep bluffs along the Mississippi, Minnesota, and St. Croix rivers, the North Shore of Lake Superior (especially around Duluth), and the blufflands of southeastern Minnesota's Driftless Area. Any steep slope can become unstable after heavy rain or snowmelt.

What should I do if I see signs of a landslide on my property?

If you see cracks, tilting trees, or ground movement, evacuate if you feel unsafe and call your local emergency management office. Contact a geotechnical engineer to assess the situation. Document damage for insurance and avoid disturbing the slope.

Official resources

• Minnesota Homeland Security and Emergency Management
• USGS Landslide Hazards Program
• Ready.gov – Landslides and Debris Flow