Drought risk in Arkansas

Drought Characteristics in Arkansas

Arkansas experiences a humid subtropical climate, but that does not make it immune to drought. In fact, the state has a moderate to high risk of drought, rated level 3 out of 5 by FEMA's National Risk Index. Drought conditions in Arkansas most often develop during the late summer and fall, when high temperatures and prolonged periods without rainfall can quickly dry out soils and lower stream flows. While the entire state can be affected, the western and southern regions, including the Ouachita Mountains and the Gulf Coastal Plain, are often more exposed because of their reliance on local reservoirs and groundwater.

Arkansas's drought patterns are influenced by larger climate systems. The state can experience flash droughts, where conditions worsen within a few weeks, as well as multi-year dry spells. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, Arkansas has seen periods of extreme or exceptional drought, particularly in the early 1980s, late 2000s, and early 2010s. These events highlight the importance of understanding that drought is not just a western U.S. problem—it can have serious impacts in the Southeast too.

How it Affects Homes

Drought does not typically cause the sudden structural damage associated with floods or tornadoes, but its effects on homes can be costly and insidious. The most immediate impacts for homeowners include water shortages, which can limit lawn irrigation, gardening, and even indoor water use in rural areas that depend on wells. When groundwater levels drop, wells can run dry, requiring expensive drilling of deeper wells or connections to municipal water lines.

Another major concern is soil shrinkage. When dry conditions persist, clay-rich soils that are common in Arkansas can shrink and crack, causing foundations to settle, shift, or crack. This can lead to structural damage, cracked drywall, and misaligned doors and windows. Additionally, drought increases the risk of wildfires, which can threaten homes directly, especially those in or near wooded areas. Dry vegetation and low humidity create conditions where grass fires and brush fires can spread quickly.

From an insurance perspective, standard homeowners policies generally do not cover drought-related damages. Foundation settlement caused by soil shrinkage is typically excluded, and wildfire damage depends on your specific policy—while fire is usually covered, some insurers may restrict coverage in high-risk areas. Water damage from a broken pipe due to ground movement might be covered, but it is essential to review your policy with your agent. Flooding that occurs after a drought (when intense rain falls on hard, dry ground) may also require separate flood insurance.

How to Prepare Your Home

Preparing for drought involves both reducing your water use and protecting your home from the long-term effects of dry conditions. Here are concrete steps you can take:

• Inspect your foundation: Check for existing cracks and monitor them. In dry periods, seal any new cracks with caulk or epoxy to prevent moisture from escaping and soil from entering.
• Manage soil moisture: During dry spells, water the soil around your foundation regularly (if allowed by local restrictions) to help maintain consistent soil volume. Consider installing a soaker hose system around the foundation line.
• Use water wisely: Install water-efficient fixtures, fix leaks promptly, and use rain barrels to collect water for outdoor plants. The EPA WaterSense program offers tips and certified products that can reduce household water use.
• Create a defensible space: If you live in a wildfire-prone area, clear dry vegetation, leaves, and debris within at least 30 feet of your home. Trim tree branches that overhang your roof and keep your lawn trimmed short.
• Know your water source: If you rely on a private well, have it tested regularly and consider installing a water level monitor. Contact your local utility about emergency water supply plans.
• Purchase flood insurance: Even if you are not in a designated flood zone, drought followed by heavy rain can cause flash flooding. Flood insurance is available through the National Flood Insurance Program and some private insurers.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often does drought occur in Arkansas?

Drought occurs regularly in Arkansas, with about one in every three years showing at least moderate drought conditions somewhere in the state. Severe or extreme drought is less common but has occurred in multiple decades, including the 1980s and 2010s.

Can I get financial assistance for drought impacts on my home?

Financial assistance for drought-related home damage is generally not available unless a federal disaster is declared. FEMA may offer help for emergency water shortages in rare cases, but most drought impacts like foundation problems are not covered. Check with the Arkansas Division of Emergency Management for current available programs.

Are there watering restrictions during a drought in Arkansas?

Water restrictions are typically implemented by local water utilities or municipalities, not by the state. During severe droughts, your city may impose mandatory watering schedules or ban outdoor watering entirely. Always follow your local emergency management and utility announcements.

Official Resources

• Arkansas Division of Emergency Management
• U.S. Drought Monitor
• Drought.gov
• EPA WaterSense