Landslides risk in Arkansas

Landslide characteristics in Arkansas

Arkansas is rated level 2 of 5 for landslide risk according to the National Risk Index, meaning the hazard is present but not as severe in this state as in the western U.S. Landslides here are mostly shallow, rainfall-driven events that occur on steep slopes, river bluffs, and areas with unstable clay soils. The two most exposed regions are the Ozark Plateau in northern Arkansas and the Ouachita Mountains in the western and central parts of the state. Crowley's Ridge in eastern Arkansas, with its steep loess soils, also sees periodic slope failures.

Landslides in Arkansas are most common after intense or prolonged rainfall, especially from late winter through spring when the ground is saturated. Snowmelt, freeze-thaw cycles, and occasional severe thunderstorms can also trigger movement. Natural events like flash floods and earthquakes—particularly in the New Madrid seismic zone in the eastern part of the state—can destabilize slopes, but rainfall remains the dominant trigger.

Development has increased risk in some areas. Road construction, homebuilding on hillsides, and improper grading can undercut slopes or add weight to unstable soils. The USGS Landslide Hazards Program notes that human activity is a factor in many landslides, and Arkansas is no exception, especially in fast-growing areas such as Northwest Arkansas.

How it affects homes

Landslides can damage homes in several ways. A slow-moving slide can cause foundation cracks, warped door frames, and sloping floors. A fast-moving debris flow or mudslide can push against walls, break through basements, and carry away structures. Even a small slide can block driveways, crush utility lines, and damage septic systems.

Homes built on or below a slope are most vulnerable. In Arkansas, the most common damage is from earth movement that pushes against a foundation, causing structural stress. Water damage often accompanies landslides, since saturated soil is both the cause and the carrier of debris. Trees may fall, adding to the damage, and access roads may become impassable.

Insurance is a key concern. A standard homeowners insurance policy in Arkansas does not cover landslide damage, because it is considered an earth movement event. Flood insurance also generally excludes landslides, since these are not considered flooding. Some insurance companies offer endorsements or separate landslide policies, but they are not common and may not be available in all areas. If a presidentially declared disaster includes landslide damage, FEMA may provide grants for temporary housing and repairs, but this is not a substitute for insurance. The Ready.gov guide on landslides advises homeowners to contact their insurer to understand exactly what is covered.

How to prepare your home

Even in a moderate-risk state, homeowners can take practical steps to reduce landslide damage. The Arkansas Division of Emergency Management encourages residents on slopes to be proactive. Here are key mitigation measures:

• Inspect your property for signs of slope movement: cracks in the ground, leaning trees, sagging fences, or doors that stick.
• Improve drainage around your home. Direct downspouts and gutters away from slopes and foundations to prevent water from saturating the soil.
• Avoid overwatering the ground near a slope, and fix any leaking pipes, septic tanks, or irrigation lines.
• Use deep-rooted plants and native vegetation on slopes to help anchor the soil.
• Build retaining walls or terracing to support steep slopes, but only after consulting a geotechnical engineer.
• Do not place heavy fill, soil, or large objects at the top of a slope.
• Keep gutters and storm drains clear to reduce erosion.
• If you are considering buying a home on a slope, hire a professional to evaluate the property before purchase.
• During intense rain, listen for unusual sounds like cracking trees or rumbling ground and be ready to evacuate.

These steps are especially important in the Ozarks and Ouachitas, where steep terrain and weathered rock make slopes more sensitive to water. Local county planning offices or the Arkansas Division of Emergency Management can provide guidance on land-use regulations and hazard planning.

Frequently asked questions

Does homeowners insurance cover landslide damage?

No, standard homeowners insurance policies do not cover landslides. Landslide damage is treated as earth movement, which is specifically excluded. Separate landslide insurance may be available from some private insurers, but it is rare. Check with your insurance agent to see if you can add a rider or purchase a separate policy.

When do landslides happen most in Arkansas?

Landslides in Arkansas are most likely during and after heavy rainfall, especially from March through May when spring storms saturate the ground. Winter thaw events and severe thunderstorms can also trigger debris flows. In the Ozarks and Ouachitas, a single intense rainstorm can start a slide on a steep slope.

How can I tell if my property is at risk?

Look for warning signs such as new cracks in your yard, pavement, or foundation; doors or windows that begin to stick; leaning or tilting trees; and a slope that appears to be slowly moving downslope. Also check for water pooling near the base of a slope or seeping out of the ground. A geotechnical engineer or local building official can offer a professional assessment.

Official resources

• Arkansas Division of Emergency Management
• USGS Landslide Hazards Program
• Ready.gov – Landslides and Debris Flow