Earthquakes risk in Tennessee

Earthquake Risk in Tennessee: What Homeowners Should Know

Tennessee is not generally associated with earthquakes, but the state sits in a region with two active seismic zones. The New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) covers the far western edge of Tennessee, near Memphis and the Mississippi River. This zone produced some of the largest earthquakes in U.S. history in 1811–1812, and scientists say it remains capable of producing large, damaging quakes. The Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone (ETSZ) runs through the eastern part of the state, from Chattanooga up toward Knoxville. The ETSZ is more active in terms of small quakes, but its potential for a large, destructive event is uncertain and generally considered lower than the NMSZ.

Because Tennessee is inland, it does not have a typical “earthquake season.” Earthquakes can strike at any time, day or night, with little to no warning. The exact locations of future quakes are impossible to predict, but the highest hazard is generally concentrated in the western counties near the New Madrid zone, followed by the eastern counties in the ETSZ. Central Tennessee, including the Nashville area, has a lower but still non-zero risk.

According to the Tennessee Emergency Management Agency, the state is rated a Level 3 of 5 for earthquake hazard. That means Tennessee faces a moderate risk, and homeowners should take basic precautions—especially in the western and eastern regions.

How it affects homes

Earthquake shaking can damage homes in several ways. The most common impact is foundation damage, especially for houses with brick or stone foundations that are not bolted to the structure. Cracked foundations, shifted chimney bricks, and broken utility connections can occur during moderate shaking. Homes with unreinforced masonry walls are particularly vulnerable because brick and block walls can crack or collapse. Even lighter frame homes can see drywall cracks, broken windows, and doors that no longer close properly after a quake.

In western Tennessee, the loose, soft soils along the Mississippi River can amplify shaking and lead to liquefaction—when water-saturated soil temporarily behaves like a liquid. This can cause buildings to sink, tilt, or slide. In hilly eastern Tennessee, the risk is more from landslides and rockfalls on steep slopes, which can damage homes located near bluffs or ridges.

Regarding insurance, a standard homeowners policy does not cover earthquake damage. You must purchase a separate earthquake insurance policy or add an endorsement. The Tennessee Department of Commerce & Insurance and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) both recommend that homeowners in moderate-risk areas evaluate their financial exposure. Deductibles for earthquake policies are typically a percentage of the home’s value (e.g., 5%–15%), so it is important to read the fine print. Even if you do not buy coverage, consider setting aside savings for potential repairs after a quake.

How to prepare your home

• Anchor heavy furniture: Secure bookcases, cabinets, water heaters, and large appliances to wall studs using brackets or straps.
• Store breakables safely: Use putty or museum wax to hold glassware and ceramics on shelves; avoid placing heavy items on high shelves.
• Check your foundation: If you have a raised crawl space, ensure the home is properly bolted to its foundation. This is one of the most important retrofits for older homes.
• Reinforce chimneys and masonry: Have a professional inspect and possibly brace any unreinforced masonry chimney or brick veneer.
• Install flexible utility connections: Use flexible gas, water, and electrical connectors to reduce the risk of leaks and fires during shaking.
• Develop a family plan: Practice “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” with all household members. Identify safe spots in each room, such as under sturdy tables.
• Prepare an emergency kit: Include water, non-perishable food, flashlights, batteries, a first aid kit, and essential medications. Keep it in an easily accessible place.

Frequently asked questions

Are earthquakes common in Tennessee?

Tennessee experiences small earthquakes regularly, especially in the Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone. The state records a few magnitude 2–3 quakes each year, but most are too small to feel. Larger quakes are rare, but the potential for a damaging event—particularly in western Tennessee—is real enough that the state rates its overall hazard as moderate (level 3 of 5).

What should I do during an earthquake if I am inside my home?

Follow the “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” method recommended by Ready.gov. Drop to your hands and knees, cover your head and neck under a sturdy piece of furniture, and hold on to it until the shaking stops. Stay indoors, away from windows, heavy furniture, and anything that could fall. Do not run outside during shaking—it is safer to stay put until the ground stops moving.

Does homeowners insurance cover earthquake damage?

No. Standard homeowners insurance policies do not include earthquake coverage. You need a separate earthquake insurance policy or a rider. The cost depends on your location, the age and construction of your home, and the deductible you choose. Contact your insurance agent to discuss your specific risk, and remember that even without insurance, you are financially responsible for repairs.

Official resources

• Tennessee Emergency Management Agency (TEMA) – State guidance and earthquake preparedness resources.
• USGS Earthquake Hazards Program – Real-time earthquake data, hazard maps, and research for Tennessee.
• Ready.gov – Earthquakes – National preparedness advice, including how to stay safe before, during, and after a quake.
• FEMA Earthquake Safety – Federal guidance on mitigating earthquake risk and protecting your property.